It's tricky to get hold of enough quality clothing to deal with the coldest of winter days (when the temperature scale is at the bottom). You can't make all of it yourself, as you currently can't make wool clothes to complement the fur items.
As indicated above, there is a temperature indicator as part of the weather information at the top left of the screen. While that doesn't give you any exact measurements, I'd expect the very bottom to indicate somewhere around -40 Celsius.
The reason women tire slower than hunters is that they lug around less gear, and so have less encumbrance, which is the main factor that determines how fast a character tires.