A double height fence won't do anything against a lynx, as it's small enough to run through it. Wolves presumably jump fences, though (and bears can smash them).
You should be able to block animals by building a line of traps inside of the fence, though, and any kind of trap seems to work.
A fence wouldn't block humans, as they should be able to climb higher fences as well. If they'd chose to, they ought to be able to deconstruct it (as they can do with traps).
Holes do not really have any effect unless they're part of traps.
If you want to settle out of reach of humans you should settle on an island way out in the archipelago where the sea doesn't freeze over.